General Principles of Ecology Essay Example for Free

customary Principles of Ecology EssayThe term ecology refers to the study of abundance and distribution of living organism in an ecosystem, together with the interaction that exists mingled with them and the natural surround. The distribution of organisms is usually influenced by the adaptation of a plastered organism to the environment. An adaptation refers to an organisms ability to exist successfully in a disposed environment. Therefore, organisms can only exist in environments that they are adapted to. When a given species of animal or plant is adapted in a given natural environment, then(prenominal) it becomes distributed in that environment thickly and in high numbers. Those that lack the ability to adapt well are poorly distributed, since they cannot cope with the pressures or stress that emanate from the environmental conditions. Different species of plants can be adapted to low and high nourishing environments. Plants always try to adapt to the environments in sev eral ways. The plants that inhabit low nutrient areas grow at a slow rate, as an adaptation to the scarcity of nutrients. These plants also have the ability to recycle nutrients cozyly. Those in high nutrient areas on the other hand grow fast. They have the ability to control the assiduousness of nutrients at minimum levels.The breakdown of dead organic matter in the soil bear withes several processes. The starting process of breakdown involves the alteration of the organic matter chemical components. This is then followed by another process, whereby the chemical components are split or fragmented. After undergoing these two processes, the organic matter mineral nutrients are then released into the soil and they are then converted into simpler components that can be absorbed by the plants. The day length influences the seasonal activity of plants and animals, because the length of the day length triggers current changes.These changes include the climatic patterns in an area. both(prenominal) plants and animals contemporize their behavioral and physiological activities with the seasonal changes. By doing this, they are able to carry out certain activities based on the season of the year. For example, the migration in animals is somewhattimes synchronized with the seasonal changes. Plants on the other hand, synchronize activities such as pollination with seasons when the activity can be easily facilitated by the pollinators. Temperature conditions in a given natural ecosystem affect the response of both the homeotherms and the poikilotherms.While the homeotherms have the ability to maintain their internal environment temperature at a stable level, the poikilotherms on the other hand cannot regulate their internal environment temperature. Changes in temperature triggers behavioral changes in poikilotherms as they try to regulate their dead body temperature depending on the external temperature. For example, some poikilotherms may bask out in the sun so as to regulate body temperature by warming their bodies. The homeotherms try to regulate their body temperature using feedback mechanisms in their body systems.For instance, their blood vessels may undergo dilatation or constriction as their bodies try to conserve heat. Climatic changes may trigger an nonoperational state in animals, especially during the cold season or winter. Hibernation and torpor are two examples behavioral adaptations in animals to very low temperatures. In both, animals go into a state of inactivity and they lower their body metabolism as a strategy of conserving energy . However, there is one major difference between the two. In hibernation, the animals body temperature at a significant level. Animals that hibernate become inactive for a dogged period of time.Torpor on the other hand is whereby animals lower their body temperature but at stripped levels as compared to that in hibernators. Animals that undergo torpor may be inactive but usually catch fire up several times. The Black Bear is not considered as a true hibernator because its body temperature does not reduce significantly as that of a true hibernator . Furthermore, the bear remains alert and active during the period of hibernation.ReferencesOdum, E. P. (1971) . General Principles of Ecology, Third Edition W. B. Suanders Company. Smith, T. M. , and Smith, R. L. (2005). Elements of Ecology. (6th Edition). Benjamin Cummings Publishers